KYOTO 10 Years Later

ABOUT THIS PACKAGE & r & & r & The Kyoto climate change agreement is back in the news, with the passage of its 10th anniversary and last week's decision by new Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd to ratify the treaty. The U.S. is now the only major power not to formally adopt it. And in Bali, Indonesia, the United Nations has convened a climate change conference that runs through Dec. 14. It's a planning session for the next agreement to replace the Kyoto Protocol when it expires in 2012.





The Inlander is one of 50 alternative newsweeklies in the United States and Canada to publish stories and essays this month that commemorate the Kyoto Protocol's 10th anniversary. The package was created by the Sacramento News & amp; Review. Links to Kyoto Protocol Anniversary stories may be found at Kyoto.altweeklies.com.





Jeff McIntire-Strasburg


Senior Editor, www.GreenOptions.com; founder, www.Sustainablog.org





It's tempting to focus on the fact that the U.S. government still hasn't signed on to the Kyoto Protocols, and thus conclude that we haven't made much progress. Despite the federal government's very slow movement on the issue, though, I think we've come quite far. Ten years ago, few would have imagined that a Republican governor would sign off on the first greenhouse-gas emissions reduction program for his state, or that companies like Wal-Mart, Duke Energy and General Electric would be lobbying Congress for regulation of carbon emissions.





We've got much farther to go, but I'm optimistic that the United States will fully join the international effort to combat global climate change. The general public, the business community and state and local governments "get it." It's hard to imagine that the next U.S. president and Congress will be able to not act decisively without paying a heavy political price.





Sarah Susanka


Architect and author, the Not So Big House series and The Not So Big Life, www.notsobig.com





As someone who has done a significant amount of inner work, as well as work in the world of architecture and design, I'm very much aware that things are not what they appear to be. We see the world as something outside ourselves that needs to be fixed. Yet when we listen to the words of mystics and sages of all ages, and when we study the findings of today's scientists, we come to understand that there is in fact no separation between our individual human bodies and the world. We are all interconnected and part of one extraordinary movement of consciousness. What's more, the part and the whole mirror one another. So to change the world, we must truly do what Mahatma Gandhi said: "We must be the change we wish to see in the world."





As long as we focus on a world separate from ourselves and try to fix it without attending to our own individual imbalance, planetary balance will continue to elude us. So, although I believe that Kyoto signifies a very important recognition of the role we play collectively, we have yet to see that our individual role -- becoming ever more present and aware in our own lives -- holds the key to the shift we are seeking.





Alex Steffen


Executive Editor, www.worldchanging.com





In recent years, we have finally come to understand what a peril the climate crisis actually represents. Now we need to understand two more realities. The first is that climate change is only one aspect of a wider sustainability crisis. All good thinking is now holistic thinking. We cannot afford to suffer from "carbon blindness" and ignore the many ways in which our current economic model destroys our planet's natural systems, perpetuates poverty and stifles democracy. The second is that we have the capacity to build a different model of sustainable prosperity, one that can allow many more people to live wealthier, healthier and happier lives, while dramatically reducing our ecological impacts. In order to do that, we need to unleash new technologies and social innovations, bring forward new policies (including a much more aggressive system of carbon pricing), encourage widespread entrepreneurship and begin redesigning our civilization. A bright green future can be ours, if we're ready to change our thinking and act quickly.





Brian Nowicki


California Climate Policy Director, Center for Biological Diversity, www.biologicaldiversity.org





When the Kyoto Protocol was initiated 10 years ago, there was good reason to be seriously concerned about the impacts of climate change on the world's ecosystems. Since then, science has provided increasingly specific and disturbing projections, and we have started seeing the impacts to the world's wildlife and habitats. The decline in the Arctic sea ice is directly impairing the ability of polar bears to hunt. Pikas adapted to high mountain weather are losing lower elevation populations. Checkerspot butterflies along the U.S. Pacific Coast are losing southern populations. A wide array of plants and animals are facing the stresses that come from earlier springs, more hot days and seasonal droughts. In the past 10 years, it has become increasingly clear that global climate change not only threatens a wide array of plants and wildlife, but also threatens the integrity of entire ecosystems. If the world's biological diversity is to survive the next 100 years, we not only need to make every effort to avoid the worst impacts of climate change, we also need to take serious measures to protect species and ecosystems from the continued warming we have already committed to.





Faiz Shakir


Research Director, Center for American Progress, www.americanprogress.org





In the years since Kyoto, the public cries for taking action to regulate carbon-dioxide emissions are now deafening. To respond to the climate crisis and transform our energy economy, we need presidential leadership to curb this nation's oil usage, cap and cut carbon-dioxide emissions, and increase investment in renewable energy. While the Bush administration dithers and delays, leadership in addressing this looming disaster has emerged from two dozen U.S. states and the European Union.





Ross Gelbspan


Author, The Heat is On and Boiling Point, www.heatisonline.org





What is needed is a new Kyoto Protocol that reflects the urgency and magnitude of the challenge: a rapid global transition to non-carbon energy sources in the next 30 years. One approach might involve three elements: In industrial countries, withdraw the roughly $250 billion a year in subsidies for coal and oil and put those same subsidies behind clean-energy sources. Create a fund, estimated at about $300 billion a year, to transfer clean energy to developing countries. All developing countries would love to go solar, but most can't afford it. The fund could be financed by a tax on international air travel, carbon taxes in the north or a tiny tax of a quarter-penny per dollar on international currency transactions. Develop a regulatory mechanism that would require every country, starting at its current baseline, to increase its fossil-fuel efficiency by 5 percent per year. That means every country would produce the same amount next year with 5 percent less carbon fuel or produce 5 percent more with the same amount of carbon fuel. Since few economies grow at 5 percent for very long, emissions reductions would outpace long-term economic growth (for details, see "Solutions" at www.heatisonline.org.)





To incorporate these mechanisms would generate millions of new jobs, especially in developing countries. It would begin to turn impoverished nations into trading partners. It would jump start the renewable-energy industry into being a central driving engine of growth for the global economy.





Ted Nordhaus and Michael Shellenberger


Co-authors, Break Through: From The Death of Environmentalism to the Politics of Possibility





Kyoto failed for reasons having nothing to do with the absence of U.S. involvement. The developed nations that ratified the agreement saw their emissions go up, not down, by 4 percent between 2000 and 2004. Even if Kyoto was perfectly implemented, the emissions reduced would be one-seventh the amount of the emissions China alone will produce over the next three decades.





Kyoto was based on the wrong models of past efforts to regulate pollution. A better model is the creation of the European Union after World War II through shared investments in coal and steel. A post-Kyoto effort should bring down the price of clean energy as quickly as possible through massive public-private investments. Together the U.S., Europe and Japan should invest $100-200 billion per year, which could stimulate $60-120 billion in private capital. This commitment would bring down the price of clean energy while strengthening economic ties between these countries. To achieve this politically, the next president must sell the agenda as the only way to free ourselves from oil while establishing American leadership and creating jobs in the fast-growing and high-tech clean-energy markets.